Sun protection: understanding, choosing, and applying properly 

UV rays are divided into two main categories: UVA and UVB. Each type of radiation affects the skin differently: 

• UVA (Ultra-Violet A): These rays penetrate deeply into the skin and are responsible for premature aging, wrinkles, and some skin cancers. They are present year-round, even on cloudy days. 
• UVB (Ultra-Violet B): Less penetrating than UVA, UVB is the primary cause of sunburn and plays a major role in the development of skin cancer. They are more intense during the summer months and at the sunniest hours of the day.

The role of sunscreen filters 

To protect against the harmful effects of UV rays, there are two types of filters in sunscreens: 

• Mineral (or physical) filters: They work by reflecting UV rays on the surface of the skin, like a mirror. They are often recommended for sensitive skin because they are less likely to cause irritation. 
• Chemical filters: They absorb UV rays before they damage the skin. These filters are effective but can cause allergies in some people.

The importance of skin type in choosing sunscreen 

Skin type refers to the skin’s reaction to the sun, and it varies from person to person. There are six types, ranging from very fair skin that burns easily (skin type I) to very dark skin that never burns (skin type VI). The fairer your skin, the higher the protection factor you should choose to avoid burns and other skin damage. However, all skin types should apply sunscreen when exposed to the sun to protect against UVA damage.

SPF: what is it and how to choose it? 

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures the ability of a sunscreen to protect against UVB rays. For example, an SPF 30 filters about 97% of UVB rays. The higher the SPF, the stronger the protection.

Application tips and frequency 

Effective sun protection is not just about choosing the right product. It is equally important to apply it correctly: 

• Apply generously: Insufficient amounts significantly reduce the product’s effectiveness. In general, you should apply about 2 mg/cm² of skin, equivalent to a teaspoon for the face and a shot glass for the entire body. 
• Reapply every two hours: Even the best sunscreens lose their effectiveness over time, especially after swimming, sweating, or towel drying. 
• Don’t neglect sensitive areas: The nose, ears, lips, and neck are often forgotten but are particularly exposed to UV rays.

Different forms of sunscreens 

Sunscreens come in various forms, each with its advantages: 

• Creams: Ideal for dry skin as they are often more moisturizing. 
• Lotion: Easy to apply on large areas, suitable for the body. 
• Gel or fluid: Perfect for oily or acne-prone skin, these formulas are light and don’t leave a greasy film. 
• Spray: Very convenient for quick touch-ups and for reaching hard-to-access areas like the back.

Conclusion 

Sun protection is essential to prevent short and long-term skin damage. By understanding the different types of UV rays, available sunscreen filters, and adjusting sunscreen application to your skin type and activities, you can safely enjoy the sun. Don’t forget to regularly consult your pharmacist for personalized advice on the most suitable sun protection products for your needs.